當(dang)前大規模(mo)風(feng)電(dian)場由數(shu)(shu)百臺(tai)甚至數(shu)(shu)千臺(tai)風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組組成,它們(men)類型多樣(雙饋風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組、鼠籠式風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組、直驅風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組等),控制(zhi)參數(shu)(shu)各異(yi),而且運行方式各不(bu)相(xiang)同(tong)。風(feng)電(dian)場大多地處偏遠地區(qu),遠離負(fu)荷中心,其并(bing)網(wang)點短路比(bi)(SCR)隨著風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組并(bing)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)量的增加而降低,形成弱交(jiao)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。同(tong)時,大規模(mo)風(feng)電(dian)場常采用(yong)高壓直流(liu)輸電(dian)(HVDC)技術或串聯補償(chang)技術實現遠距離外送。相(xiang)關研(yan)究(jiu)表明,當(dang)風(feng)電(dian)場并(bing)入(ru)弱交(jiao)流(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、含串聯補償(chang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),以(yi)及HVDC系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)時,均可能(neng)發(fa)生次同(tong)步(bu)振蕩。
當(dang)前大(da)規模風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)由數百(bai)臺甚至數千臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電機組(zu)組(zu)成,它們類型多樣(yang)(雙(shuang)饋風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電機組(zu)、鼠(shu)籠式風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電機組(zu)、直(zhi)驅風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電機組(zu)等(deng)),控制參(can)數各異,而且(qie)運行(xing)方式各不相(xiang)同(tong)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)大(da)多地處(chu)偏(pian)遠地區,遠離負荷中心,其并(bing)(bing)網(wang)點短路比(SCR)隨著(zhu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電機組(zu)并(bing)(bing)網(wang)數量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加而降低,形成弱交流(liu)系統(tong)。同(tong)時,大(da)規模風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)常采(cai)用(yong)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)輸電(HVDC)技術或串聯補(bu)償技術實現遠距離外送。相(xiang)關(guan)研究表明(ming),當(dang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)并(bing)(bing)入弱交流(liu)系統(tong)、含串聯補(bu)償系統(tong),以及HVDC系統(tong)時,均可能發生次同(tong)步振蕩。
2009年10月,美國德州發生電(dian)網(wang)(wang)故(gu)障導致(zhi)某(mou)(mou)雙(shuang)饋(kui)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)含75%串聯補償的(de)線路(lu)(lu)并入電(dian)網(wang)(wang),引發了20 Hz左右(you)的(de)次(ci)同(tong)步振蕩(dang)現(xian)(xian)象,系統(tong)電(dian)壓振蕩(dang)幅值超過(guo)(guo)2.0 pu,造成風(feng)電(dian)機組脫(tuo)網(wang)(wang)及crowbar電(dian)路(lu)(lu)損壞。2011年以來,我國華北(bei)地區也多(duo)次(ci)出現(xian)(xian)以雙(shuang)饋(kui)風(feng)電(dian)機組為(wei)主的(de)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)經(jing)串補線路(lu)(lu)送出時的(de)次(ci)同(tong)步振蕩(dang)問題。國內某(mou)(mou)柔(rou)性直(zhi)流輸電(dian)示范工程(cheng)調(diao)試過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中,記錄過(guo)(guo)雙(shuang)饋(kui)風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)接入基(ji)于模塊化多(duo)電(dian)平(ping)換流器的(de)柔(rou)性直(zhi)流(MMC-HVDC)系統(tong)時曾出現(xian)(xian)的(de)振蕩(dang)頻率約為(wei)30Hz的(de)次(ci)同(tong)步振蕩(dang)現(xian)(xian)象,導致(zhi)柔(rou)直(zhi)系統(tong)停運。
新疆哈密三塘湖地區(qu)為大規模風(feng)(feng)機(ji)集(ji)中并網并通過(guo)長距(ju)離交流送出,屬于典型的弱(ruo)交流系統,該地區(qu)共(gong)(gong)有兩座(zuo)220kV風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan),分別為天電(dian)(dian)麻黃溝西(xi)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan)和龍源麻黃溝東風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan),兩個220kV風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)匯集(ji)站(zhan)共(gong)(gong)用(yong)一段220kV輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路,經(jing)由山北變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)接入750kV哈密變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)
2014年以來,隨(sui)著哈密三塘(tang)湖(hu)區域內(nei)風電場陸續并網,出現(xian)了不(bu)同程度的次同步振(zhen)蕩(dang)現(xian)象,經過(guo)現(xian)場測試發(fa)現(xian)其振(zhen)蕩(dang)頻率(lv)不(bu)固定,隨(sui)機分(fen)布于20Hz~50Hz之(zhi)間,而且這種電壓、電流(liu)的振(zhen)蕩(dang)還具有較快的發(fa)散速度,其振(zhen)蕩(dang)時的電壓波形如圖2所示。
圖(tu)2為現(xian)場(chang)在線(xian)監測到的35kV母線(xian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)壓實(shi)時波形和有效值曲線(xian),由圖(tu)可見,系統電(dian)(dian)壓在39秒時刻由穩(wen)定狀態快(kuai)速進入到了(le)振蕩狀態,系統電(dian)(dian)壓有效值表現(xian)為上下波動的曲線(xian),波動幅度達到6.2kV。
針對(dui)現場(chang)存(cun)在次(ci)同步振蕩現象,榮信公司(si)以(yi)天山電(dian)力三塘湖風電(dian)場(chang)220kV主變下原有(you)(you)的兩套SVG為試(shi)點(dian),在既有(you)(you)SVG設備(bei)基礎上,在不(bu)影響原有(you)(you)SVG主控(kong)制策(ce)略(恒電(dian)壓)、不(bu)增加硬件(jian)部件(jian)或(huo)設備(bei)的前提下,采用附加控(kong)制策(ce)略的方式對(dui)次(ci)同步振蕩進行抑制。
項目現場實測(ce)的次(ci)同步振蕩抑制功(gong)能(neng)的投入(ru)與退(tui)出時,系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)壓電(dian)流有效值(zhi)曲線(xian)如圖4所示,圖5為(wei)抑制功(gong)能(neng)投入(ru)時的系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)壓、系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)流及SVG電(dian)流瞬時值(zhi)波形。
從(cong)圖中可以看(kan)出,31s 時SVG退出抑(yi)制(zhi)功能,系統(tong)電壓(ya)(ya)逐漸發散,而在51s 時投入抑(yi)制(zhi)功能,系統(tong)電壓(ya)(ya)逐漸穩定。這也(ye)充分顯示(shi)了次同(tong)步振蕩抑(yi)制(zhi)功能的有效性(xing)。
1. 新能(neng)源場(chang)站應用案例(li)-風(feng)電(dian) 項(xiang)目(mu)名稱:華能(neng)山西東馬坊風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)SVG項(xiang)目(mu) 應用分(fen)類:風(feng)電(dian)場(chang) 項(xiang)目(mu)要求:控制風(feng)電(dian)場(chang)110kV側母線電(dian)壓
據中央電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)臺(tai)(tai)報(bao)道,2018年(nian)(nian)12月25日13時21分,隨著第57號風(feng)機的(de)(de)成(cheng)功并(bing)網(wang),國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)大豐H3海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目72臺(tai)(tai)風(feng)機順(shun)(shun)利(li)實現(xian)全容量投(tou)產并(bing)網(wang)。標志著我國(guo)離岸最(zui)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場正(zheng)式投(tou)入運營;標志著該項(xiang)目順(shun)(shun)利(li)實現(xian)全容量并(bing)網(wang),創下了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)內同等規模海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目建設及投(tou)運在當年(nian)(nian)開工(gong)、當年(nian)(nian)建成(cheng)、當年(nian)(nian)收(shou)益的(de)(de)三項(xiang)紀(ji)錄。也為我國(guo)在深(shen)海(hai)領域發展大容量、大規模海(hai)上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)積累了寶貴(gui)經驗。
福建(jian)省華(hua)安(an)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)電(dian)(dian)力發展公司35kV金(jin)山2#變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)10kV母線(xian)接有(you)裕(yu)興Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ路4條饋(kui)線(xian),供(gong)華(hua)易(yi)鑫鐵廠(chang)負荷,其中裕(yu)興Ⅰ、Ⅱ路分(fen)別供(gong)兩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)容(rong)量為8000kVA電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐,裕(yu)興Ⅲ路供(gong)一臺(tai)(tai)(tai)容(rong)量為4000kVA精(jing)煉爐,裕(yu)興Ⅳ路供(gong)一臺(tai)(tai)(tai)容(rong)量630kVA動力變及5000kVA無(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)裝置。正常生產時,兩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐和精(jing)煉爐會同(tong)時生產。
因為電(dian)弧爐工作時(shi)會(hui)產(chan)生很大(da)無功(gong)沖擊,會(hui)使電(dian)網(wang)公共母線上產(chan)生較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)無功(gong)變動(dong),且會(hui)產(chan)生不規則的(de)(de)低次諧波(bo),對離此負荷較(jiao)近的(de)(de)水力發(fa)電(dian)廠設備產(chan)生較(jiao)大(da)影響。現場(chang)反饋電(dian)弧爐工作時(shi),水力發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)(de)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率波(bo)動(dong)達(da)6MW~7MW,有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率的(de)(de)快速波(bo)動(dong)可(ke)能(neng)導致機組(zu)振動(dong),對機組(zu)的(de)(de)長期穩定運行有(you)著極(ji)大(da)危害。